Quantitative Study of the Macular Microvasculature in Human Donor Eyes.

Purpose To precisely quantify the macular microvasculature density using microperfusion and labeling techniques in human donor eyes. Such information may be useful in understanding the role of the macular microvasculature in coping with the metabolic requirements of the neurons in this densely packed region, and provide a reference point for clinical studies using recently developed optical imaging techniques. Methods The macular microvasculature was perfusion-labeled in 18 human donor eyes and optical stacks collected from regions superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal to the foveola using confocal microscopy. The optical slices were separated into the deep macula vascular layer (DL), and the superficial layer (SL) in which all the vessels superficial to the deep macular vessel layer were included. The DL and SL images were analyzed and vessel density measured according to their orientation from the foveola and in foveal and parafoveal regions. Vessel densities were compared across regions and age groups. Results Both the SL and DL showed an increase in vessel density with increasing eccentricity from the foveal to parafoveal regions. Vessel density was found to rank in the order of inferior > superior > temporal > nasal in both SL and DL layers. The SL vascular density was approximately 31%, whereas DL was approximately 17%. The DL was planar in nature and density not affected by age. Age-related increase in vessel density was observed in the SL. Conclusions Microperfusion and labeling techniques in combination with confocal microscopy has enabled collection of reliable data on vascular density in the macula region. Regional differences may reflect well-matched vascular supply and neuronal demands. Age-related changes might indicate the importance of stable blood supply for the human macula.